Day one post about learning Go

src/blog/posts/2024/5/learning-go-day-1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+---
+title: "Learning Go: Day One"
+date: 2024-05-01T09:00:00.0Z
+tags:
+    - tech
+    - learning
+    - go
+excerpt: "I've wanted to try learning Go for a while now, but have never got round to it. So I'm going to (attempt) to learn a little bit about it each day, and blog about it, with a view to building something with it by the end of the month."
+---
+
+I've wanted to try learning [Go](golang.org/) for a while now, but have never got round to it. So I'm going to (attempt) to learn a little bit about it each day, and blog about it, with a view to building something[^1] with it by the end of the month.
+
+I thought it'd be a nice idea to blog through the process, mostly so I have my own record of what I'm doing.
+
+## Why Go?
+
+A couple of reasons. I quite like compiled languages, because you get nice neat executables that don't take up 10mb of disc space[^2]. It's also got a reputation for being pretty simple, and good for web stuff, and finally I've had a couple of instances where I've wanted to make a custom [Terraform provider](https://www.hashicorp.com/blog/writing-custom-terraform-providers), but that requires knowledge of Go.
+
+### Accountability
+
+None. There is absolutely _nothing_ riding on this, if I stop blogging about it/learning, then so be it.
+
+## Day one: setup, packages, functions, types
+
+The first day is pretty simple. To start with, I installed the Go CLI using brew:
+
+```bash
+brew install go
+```
+
+Then created a new directory to work in, aptly named `learn-go`.
+
+### Initialising a project
+
+So first-things-first, how do I create a project? Running `go help` doesn't give me any obvious `init` commands, so I search the web. It turns out a project needs a `go.mod` file, which is sort of equivalent to `package.json` in node-land, only not. To create the mod file, I just run `go mod init <module name>`.
+
+Apparently it's standard for module names to be prefixed with a namespace identifier, that's often a domain name for uniqueness, so I just used this domain.
+
+```bash
+go mod init lewisdale.dev/learn-go
+```
+
+That created a `go.mod` file that just contained the following:
+
+```
+module lewisdale.dev/learn-go
+
+go 1.22.2
+```
+
+### Hello, world!
+
+Alright, looks like we're cooking now. Secondly, I looked for some tutorials online, and found a couple of useful resources, including [Go by Example](https://gobyexample.com). Based on the "hello world" example, I created a `main.go` file, and then was able to run it using `go run main.go`.
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import "fmt"
+
+func main() {
+    fmt.Println("Hello, world!")
+}
+```
+
+Riveting stuff, but at least it ran!
+
+### Creating a function
+
+Okay so _technically_ I've already created a function. But that's an entrypoint, it doesn't count. So now I'm going to create something spectacular, I'm going to create a function that returns the string "hello, world!".
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import "fmt"
+
+func sayHello() string {
+    return "Hello, world!"
+}
+
+func main() {
+    fmt.Println(sayHello())
+}
+```
+
+This actually tripped me up at first. I assumed that Go's type inference would know that I'm returning a string, so didn't specify a return type (that's the `string` right after the brackets on line 5). But then I got a compiler error because I was trying to return from a function with no return types.
+
+That syntax for return types is a bit weird, I quite like having a charater denote that "these are the return types", like a `:`, but maybe that's just because I'm used to it.
+
+### Variables and types
+
+This is where the syntax gets a bit stranger. If I want to take, say, two ints, and multiply them, that's reasonably simple to define:
+
+```go
+func multiply(a int, b int) int {
+    return a * b
+}
+```
+
+The type comes _after_ the variable name, rather than before like in most languages I've used. Odd. Also, if I have multiple arguments of the same type, I can just put the type at the end of the list, e.g.:
+
+```go
+func multiply(a, b int) int {
+    return a * b
+}
+```
+
+Kinda neat, could be a minor pain if you've got a list of arguments and you need to swap the types of just one of them, but that feels like an edge-case anyway.
+
+Now if I want to declare a variable from my function return, I can do:
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import "fmt"
+
+func sayHello() string {
+    return "Hello, world!"
+}
+
+func multiply(a, b int) int {
+    return a * b
+}
+
+func main() {
+    fmt.Println(sayHello())
+    var num int = multiply(2, 5)
+    fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("2 * 5 = %d", num))
+}
+```
+
+`var num int = multiply(2, 5)` feels extremely verbose. Luckily Go does have type inference, so I can use a shorthand declaration:
+
+```go
+func main() {
+    fmt.Println(sayHello())
+    num := multiply(2, 5)
+    fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("2 * 5 = %d", num))
+}
+```
+
+And that works! I think I'll leave this post there for now, tomorrow I'll probably do more with functions, and try a bit of code management.
+
+[^1]: At the time of writing, "something" has yet to be decided
+[^2]: Looking at you, Javascript bundlers.